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Urea, a versatile nitrogen-based fertilizer, finds extensive use in agricultural practices worldwide, serving as a vital component in promoting plant growth and crop yield. Its application extends beyond agriculture to include industrial uses like in the production of resins, adhesives, and animal feed supplements.
Property | Granular Urea | Prilled Urea | Industrial Grade Urea | Units |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nitrogen Content | ≥ 46% | ≥ 46% | ≥ 46% | % |
Biuret Content | ≤ 1% | ≤ 1% | ≤ 0.5% | % |
Moisture Content | ≤ 0.5% | ≤ 0.5% | ≤ 0.3% | % |
Particle Distribution | 90% 2-4 mm, 10% >4 mm | 90% 0.85-2.8 mm, 10% <0.85 mm | 90% 1-2 mm, 10% <1 mm | – |
Melting Point | 132-135°C | 132-135°C | 132-135°C | °C |
Color | White | White | White | – |
Granule Hardness | ≥ 3.0 kg/granule | ≥ 1.5 kg/granule | ≥ 2.5 kg/granule | kg/granule |
Formaldehyde Content | ≤ 0.5 ppm | ≤ 0.5 ppm | ≤ 0.5 ppm | ppm |
Free Ammonia Content | ≤ 160 ppm | ≤ 160 ppm | ≤ 0.02% | ppm / % |
pH | 8.5-9.5 | 8.5-9.5 | 8.5-9.5 | – |
Bulk Density | 730-750 g/L | 640-680 g/L | 740-780 g/L | g/L |
Physical Form | Granular | Prilled | Granular | – |
Base oil, derived from crude oil, is the key ingredient in lubricants, ensuring smooth operation and protecting machinery from wear. Purified through refining processes, it offers essential lubricating properties, tailored to meet diverse industrial needs across automotive, manufacturing, and aerospace sectors.
Virgin base oil refers to oil that is obtained directly from crude oil through refining processes. It undergoes extensive purification and refining to meet specific quality standards. Virgin base oils are known for their high purity and consistent performance characteristics. They are widely used in various industries, including automotive, industrial, and lubricant manufacturing.
Recycled base oil, also known as re-refined base oil, is produced from used lubricants through a re-refining process. This process involves removing contaminants and impurities from the used oil, restoring it to a quality comparable to virgin base oil. Recycled base oil helps reduce environmental impact by reusing waste oil and conserving natural resources. It is commonly used in applications where cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability are priorities.
Property | SN-70 | SN-100 | SN-150 | SN-500 | SN-600 | Units |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Viscosity, 40°C | 70 cSt | 100 cSt | 150 cSt | 500 cSt | 600 cSt | cSt |
Viscosity Index (VI) | ≥ 95 | ≥ 95 | ≥ 95 | ≥ 95 | ≥ 95 | – |
Pour Point | ≤ -6°C | ≤ -6°C | ≤ -6°C | ≤ -6°C | ≤ -6°C | °C |
Flash Point | ≥ 200°C | ≥ 220°C | ≥ 240°C | ≥ 260°C | ≥ 270°C | °C |
Color | Clear | Clear | Clear | Clear | Clear | – |
Sulfur Content | ≤ 0.03% | ≤ 0.03% | ≤ 0.03% | ≤ 0.03% | ≤ 0.03% | % |
Acid Number (AN) | ≤ 0.05 mg KOH/g | ≤ 0.05 mg KOH/g | ≤ 0.05 mg KOH/g | ≤ 0.05 mg KOH/g | ≤ 0.05 mg KOH/g | mg KOH/g |
Total Acid Number | ≤ 0.1 mg KOH/g | ≤ 0.1 mg KOH/g | ≤ 0.1 mg KOH/g | ≤ 0.1 mg KOH/g | ≤ 0.1 mg KOH/g | mg KOH/g |
Fuel Oil, sometimes known as bunker fuel, is a heavy residual combustible oil derived from the refining process of crude oil, which is categorized mostly as HSFO and LSFO in official references and supply plants. It is commonly used for industrial purposes such as heating, power generation, and as a fuel for marine vessels. Fuel Oil is characterized by its high viscosity and sulfur content, making it suitable for applications that require a long burning time and high energy output.
Property | Fuel Grade 180 | Fuel Grade 280 | Fuel Grade 380 | Units | Test Methods |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density (15°C) | 0.95-0.98 | 0.97-1.00 | 0.98-1.00 | g/cm³ | ASTM D4052 |
Flash Point (PMCC) | ≥ 60 | ≥ 60 | ≥ 60 | °C | ASTM D93 |
Sulfur Content | ≤ 1.5 | ≤ 2.0 | ≤ 3.5 | % | ASTM D4294 |
Kinematic Viscosity (50°C) | 10-15 | 15-30 | 30-60 | cSt | ASTM D445 |
Pour Point | ≤ 0 | ≤ 0 | ≤ 0 | °C | ASTM D97 |
Carbon Residue (on 10% distillation residue) | ≤ 0.3 | ≤ 0.3 | ≤ 0.3 | % m/m | ASTM D4530 |
Ash Content | ≤ 0.01 | ≤ 0.01 | ≤ 0.01 | % m/m | ASTM D482 |
Sulfur, a vital industrial commodity, is essential in chemical manufacturing, agriculture, and petroleum refining. Its distinct yellow color and pungent odor make it easily recognizable. Sulfur is crucial for producing sulfuric acid and fertilizers, driving various industrial applications. However, its presence in fuels raises environmental concerns, necessitating regulatory measures in trading and transportation.
Sulfur formed into small, spherical pellets, also produced through the Frasch process or recovered from natural gas processing. Prilled sulfur is commonly utilized in industrial applications, such as the production of sulfuric acid, chemicals, and explosives.
Sulfur in granular form, typically produced through the Frasch process or recovered from natural gas processing. It is often used in agricultural applications as a soil amendment or fertilizer.
Lump sulfur, or elemental sulfur, is a significant commodity in international petrochemical trading. It comprises large, solid pieces extracted from natural deposits or obtained as a byproduct of oil and gas refining. Versatile in application, it is utilized in sulfuric acid production, agricultural fertilizers, and various industrial chemicals.
Pastille sulfur refers to sulfur formed into small, solid cylindrical shapes, useful in precise industrial applications like sulfuric acid production and rubber vulcanization. These pastilles are typically produced from molten sulfur solidified into the desired shape.
Property | Granular Sulfur | Prilled Sulfur | Lump Sulfur | Pastille Sulfur | Units |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Purity | ≥ 99.5% | ≥ 99.8% | ≥ 99.9% | ≥ 99.7% | % |
Particle Size | 2-6 mm | 1-4 mm | – | < 5 mm | mm |
Appearance | Granular | Spherical Pellets | Large Solid Pieces | Cylindrical | – |
Melting Point | 115-120°C | 115-120°C | 115-120°C | 115-120°C | °C |
Sulfur Content | – | – | – | – | % |
Moisture Content | ≤ 0.5% | ≤ 0.3% | ≤ 0.2% | ≤ 0.4% | % |
Ash Content | ≤ 0.1% | ≤ 0.05% | ≤ 0.03% | ≤ 0.08% | % |
Packaging | Bags, Bulk | Bags, Bulk | Bags, Bulk | Bags, Bulk | – |